カテゴリー: English

  • Kanji 「前」 – meanings, readings and examples (JLPT N5)

    What you will learn on this page

    • The basic meaning and usage of 「前」
    • JLPT level and stroke count
    • Main readings: まえ (mae), ゼン (zen)
    • Useful words like 午前, 名前, 〜前 (before/ago)
    • Example sentences with kana and natural English translations

    1. Basic info

    • Kanji:
    • Meaning (simple): front; before
    • JLPT level: N5
    • Stroke count: 9
    • On-yomi: ゼン (zen)
    • Kun-yomi: まえ (mae)

    2. Easy explanation (for beginners)

    「前」 means front and before.

    • 駅の前 = in front of the station
    • 10分前 = ten minutes ago
    • 食べる前に = before eating

    3. Example vocabulary list

    WordReadingMeaning (English)
    まえfront; before
    〜前〜まえbefore; ago
    午前ごぜんa.m.
    名前なまえname
    目の前めのまえright in front

    4. Example sentences

    Sentence 1

    • Japanese: 駅の前で会いましょう。
    • Reading (Kana): えきの まえで あいましょう。
    • English: Let’s meet in front of the station.

    Sentence 2

    • Japanese: 10分前に来ました。
    • Reading (Kana): じゅっぷんまえに きました。
    • English: I came ten minutes ago.

    Sentence 3

    • Japanese: 食べる前に手を洗ってください。
    • Reading (Kana): たべるまえに てを あらって ください。
    • English: Please wash your hands before eating.

    5. Tips

    Learn 「前」 together with 「後」 to talk about time and position naturally.

  • Kanji 「半」 – meanings, readings and examples (JLPT N5)

    What you will learn on this page

    • The basic meaning and usage of 「半」
    • JLPT level and stroke count
    • Main readings: ハン (han), なかば (nakaba)
    • Common words: 半分 (half), 〜時半 (half past), 半日 (half a day)
    • Example sentences with kana and natural English translations

    1. Basic info

    • Kanji:
    • Meaning (simple): half; halfway
    • JLPT level: N5
    • Stroke count: 5
    • On-yomi: ハン (han)
    • Kun-yomi: なかば (nakaba)

    2. Easy explanation (for beginners)

    「半」 means half.

    It is also used for time:

    • 7時半 = 7:30 (half past seven)

    3. Example vocabulary list

    WordReadingMeaning (English)
    半分はんぶんhalf
    〜時半〜じはんhalf past ~
    半日はんにちhalf a day
    半年はんとしhalf a year
    半分こはんぶんこsplit in half

    4. Example sentences

    Sentence 1

    • Japanese: ケーキを半分にします。
    • Reading (Kana): ケーキを はんぶんに します。
    • English: I will cut the cake in half.

    Sentence 2

    • Japanese: 7時半に起きます。
    • Reading (Kana): しちじはんに おきます。
    • English: I wake up at 7:30.

    Sentence 3

    • Japanese: 午後は半日だけ仕事です。
    • Reading (Kana): ごごは はんにちだけ しごとです。
    • English: In the afternoon, I work for only half a day.

    5. Tips

    Learn 「半」 together with 「分」:

    • 半分 (half)
    • 〜時半 (half past ~) = 30 minutes
  • Kanji 「午」 – meanings, readings and examples (JLPT N5)

    What you will learn on this page

    • The basic meaning and usage of 「午」
    • JLPT level and stroke count
    • The main reading: ゴ (go)
    • Common words: 午前 (a.m.), 午後 (p.m.), 正午 (noon)
    • Example sentences with kana and natural English translations

    1. Basic info

    • Kanji:
    • Meaning (simple): used for a.m./p.m. (noon-based time)
    • JLPT level: N5
    • Stroke count: 4
    • On-yomi: ゴ (go)
    • Kun-yomi: (rarely used alone)

    2. Easy explanation (for beginners)

    「午」 is mainly used in these two words:

    • 午前 (ごぜん) = a.m. (before noon)
    • 午後 (ごご) = p.m. (after noon)

    It is rarely used alone in everyday Japanese.


    3. Example vocabulary list

    WordReadingMeaning (English)
    午前ごぜんa.m.
    午後ごごp.m.
    正午しょうごnoon
    午前中ごぜんちゅうduring the morning
    午後からごごからfrom the afternoon

    4. Example sentences

    Sentence 1

    • Japanese: 午前9時に起きます。
    • Reading (Kana): ごぜん くじに おきます。
    • English: I wake up at 9 a.m.

    Sentence 2

    • Japanese: 午後2時に会いましょう。
    • Reading (Kana): ごご にじに あいましょう。
    • English: Let’s meet at 2 p.m.

    Sentence 3

    • Japanese: 正午に昼ごはんを食べます。
    • Reading (Kana): しょうごに ひるごはんを たべます。
    • English: I eat lunch at noon.

    5. Tips

    Learn 午前 and 午後 as a fixed pair.

  • Kanji 「後」 – meanings, readings and examples (JLPT N5)

    What you will learn on this page

    • The basic meaning and usage of 「後」
    • JLPT level and stroke count
    • Main readings: あと (ato), うしろ (ushiro), ゴ (go)
    • Useful words like 午後, 最後, 〜後 (in ~ minutes)
    • Example sentences with kana and natural English translations

    1. Basic info

    • Kanji:
    • Meaning (simple): behind; after; later
    • JLPT level: N5
    • Stroke count: 9
    • Radical:
    • On-yomi: ゴ (go), コウ (kou)
    • Kun-yomi: あと (ato), うしろ (ushiro), のち (nochi)

    2. Easy explanation (for beginners)

    「後」 means behind and after / later.

    • 授業の後 = after class
    • 10分後 = in ten minutes
    • 後ろに人がいる = there is someone behind you

    3. Example vocabulary list

    WordReadingMeaning (English)
    あとafter; later
    後ろうしろbehind
    〜後〜ごin ~; after ~
    最後さいごlast
    午後ごごp.m.

    4. Example sentences

    Sentence 1

    • Japanese: 授業の後で、アルバイトがあります。
    • Reading (Kana): じゅぎょうの あとで、アルバイトが あります。
    • English: After class, I have a part-time job.

    Sentence 2

    • Japanese: 10分後に出ます。
    • Reading (Kana): じゅっぷんごに でます。
    • English: I will leave in ten minutes.

    Sentence 3

    • Japanese: 私の後ろに並んでください。
    • Reading (Kana): わたしの うしろに ならんで ください。
    • English: Please line up behind me.

    5. Tips

    Learn 「前」 and 「後」 together to talk about time and position naturally.

  • Kanji 「間」 – meanings, readings and examples (JLPT N5)

    What you will learn on this page

    • The basic meaning and usage of 「間」
    • JLPT level and stroke count
    • Main readings: あいだ (aida), ま (ma), カン (kan)
    • Useful words like 〜の間, この間, 時間, 人間, 間違い
    • Example sentences with kana and natural English translations

    1. Basic info

    • Kanji:
    • Meaning (simple): between; during; interval; space
    • JLPT level: N5
    • Stroke count: 12
    • Radical: 門 (gate)
    • On-yomi: カン (kan)
    • Kun-yomi: あいだ (aida), ま (ma)

    2. Easy explanation (for beginners)

    「間」 is used for time and space “in between”.

    • あいだ (aida): between / during / while
    • ま (ma): a pause / gap / timing
    • カン (kan): used in compounds like 時間 (time)

    Think of it as “the space between two things” or “the time in between”.


    3. Readings and usage

    3-1. あいだ (aida): during / while

    • 日本にいる間 = while I am in Japan
    • 勉強している間 = while (someone) is studying

    3-2. ま (ma): pause / gap

    • 少し間をあけてください = please pause a little

    3-3. カン (kan): compounds

    • 時間 (じかん) = time; hours
    • 人間 (にんげん) = human
    • 間違い (まちがい) = mistake

    4. Example vocabulary list

    WordReadingMeaning (English)
    〜の間〜のあいだduring; while
    この間このあいだthe other day
    時間じかんtime; hours
    人間にんげんhuman
    間違いまちがいmistake

    5. Example sentences

    Sentence 1

    • Japanese: 日本にいる間、日本語を勉強します。
    • Reading (Kana): にほんに いる あいだ、にほんごを べんきょうします。
    • English: I will study Japanese while I am in Japan.

    Sentence 2

    • Japanese: この間、友だちに会いました。
    • Reading (Kana): このあいだ、ともだちに あいました。
    • English: I met my friend the other day.

    Sentence 3

    • Japanese: 少し間をあけて、もう一度言ってください。
    • Reading (Kana): すこし まを あけて、もういちど いってください。
    • English: Please pause a little and say it again.

    6. Common mistakes & tips

    • 「この間」 is often “the other day / recently”, not “this space”.
    • Learn 「時間」 and 「〜の間」 together to talk about schedules naturally.

    7. Related kanji

    • (time)
    • (minutes; understand)
  • Kanji 「分」 – meanings, readings and examples (JLPT N5)

    What you will learn on this page

    • The basic meaning and usage of 「分」
    • JLPT level and stroke count
    • Main readings: ぶん (bun), ふん/ぷん (fun/pun), わかる (wakaru)
    • Useful words like 半分, 自分, 分かる, 〜分 (minutes)
    • Example sentences with kana and natural English translations

    1. Basic info

    • Kanji:
    • Meaning (simple): minutes; part; understand
    • JLPT level: N5
    • Stroke count: 4
    • On-yomi: ブン (bun), フン (fun)
    • Kun-yomi: わかる (wakaru), わける (wakeru)

    2. Easy explanation (for beginners)

    「分」 is one of the most useful kanji because it appears in daily life all the time.

    It is used for:

    • minutes: 5分 = five minutes
    • parts / portions: 半分 = half
    • understanding: 分かる = to understand

    3. Readings and usage

    3-1. Minutes: ふん / ぷん (fun / pun)

    • 1分 = いっぷん
    • 3分 = さんぷん
    • 6分 = ろっぷん
    • 8分 = はっぷん
    • 10分 = じゅっぷん

    3-2. Compounds: ぶん (bun)

    • 半分 (はんぶん) = half
    • 自分 (じぶん) = myself / oneself
    • 十分 (じゅうぶん) = enough

    3-3. Understand: わかる (wakaru)

    • 日本語が分かります。 = I understand Japanese.

    4. Example vocabulary list

    Kanji wordReadingMeaning (English)
    〜分〜ふん / 〜ぷんminutes
    半分はんぶんhalf
    自分じぶんmyself; oneself
    分かるわかるunderstand
    十分じゅうぶんenough

    5. Example sentences

    Sentence 1

    • Japanese: あと五分待ってください。
    • Reading (Kana): あと ごふん まって ください。
    • English: Please wait five more minutes.

    Sentence 2

    • Japanese: 日本語が少し分かります。
    • Reading (Kana): にほんごが すこし わかります。
    • English: I understand a little Japanese.

    Sentence 3

    • Japanese: ケーキを半分にします。
    • Reading (Kana): ケーキを はんぶんに します。
    • English: I will cut the cake in half.

    6. Common mistakes & tips

    Common mistake: minute readings change (いっぷん/ろっぷん/はっぷん/じゅっぷん).
    Tip: memorize them as fixed patterns and practice with a daily schedule.


    7. Related kanji

    • (time, hour)
    • (now)
  • Kanji 「今」 – meanings, readings and examples (JLPT N5)

    Kanji 「今」 – meanings, readings and examples (JLPT N5)

  • Kanji 「時」 – meanings, readings and examples (JLPT N5)

    What you will learn on this page

    • The basic meaning and nuance of the kanji 「時」
    • JLPT level and stroke count
    • Main readings: とき (toki), じ (ji)
    • Common words like 時間, 一時, 時々
    • Easy example sentences with English translations
    • Typical mistakes learners make with 「時」

    1. Basic info

    • Kanji:
    • Meaning (simple): time, when
    • JLPT level: N5
    • Stroke count: 10
    • On-yomi (Chinese-derived reading): ジ (ji)
    • Kun-yomi (native Japanese reading): とき (toki)

    2. Easy explanation (for beginners)

    The kanji 「時」 means a point in time or “when” something happens.
    It is used for:

    • clock time (what time is it?)
    • periods in life (when I was a child, at that time)

    You will see it in words like 時間 (time), 一時 (one o’clock) and 時々 (sometimes).


    3. Readings and usage

    3-1. Kun-yomi: とき (toki)

    Used when talking about a situation or period in life – similar to “when” or “at the time”.

    Example sentences:

    • Japanese: 子どもの時、よく公園で遊びました。
    • Reading (Kana): こどもの とき、よく こうえんで あそびました。
    • English: When I was a child, I often played in the park.
    • Japanese: 忙しい時はメールをあとで読みます。
    • Reading (Kana): いそがしい ときは メールを あとで よみます。
    • English: When I am busy, I read emails later.

    3-2. On-yomi: ジ (ji)

    Used for clock time and time-related words.

    Example words:

    • 一時【いちじ】 – one o’clock
    • 七時【しちじ】 – seven o’clock
    • 時間【じかん】 – time; hours

    Example sentence:

    • Japanese: 今は何時ですか。
    • Reading (Kana): いまは なんじ ですか。
    • English: What time is it now?

    4. Example vocabulary list

    Kanji wordReadingMeaning (English)
    ときtime; when
    一時いちじone o’clock
    時間じかんtime; hours
    時々ときどきsometimes
    その時そのときat that time

    5. Example sentences

    Sentence 1

    • Japanese: 今は何時ですか。
    • Reading (Kana): いまは なんじ ですか。
    • English: What time is it now?

    Sentence 2

    • Japanese: 子どもの時、よく公園で遊びました。
    • Reading (Kana): こどもの とき、よく こうえんで あそびました。
    • English: When I was a child, I often played in the park.

    Sentence 3

    • Japanese: 時々、日本語のドラマを見ます。
    • Reading (Kana): ときどき、にほんごの ドラマを みます。
    • English: I sometimes watch Japanese dramas.

    6. Common mistakes & tips

    Common mistakes

    • Reading all words with 「時」 as only じ, even when とき is correct.
    • Confusing 時(とき) and 時間(じかん) and using them in the wrong place.
    • Forgetting that 「時」 can mean both “when” and “o’clock” depending on the word.

    Study tips

    • Simple rule:
    • “when / at that time” → とき
    • “o’clock / hours” → じ / じかん
    • Make your own timetable in Japanese and write sentences like:
    • 七時に起きます。 (I get up at 7 o’clock.)
    • 九時に日本語を勉強します。 (I study Japanese at 9.)

    7. Related kanji

    • – “day”. Combine 日 and 時 to talk about when something happens.
    • – “month”. Used together with 時 to talk about time periods.
    • – “year”. 日, 月, 年 and 時 are the core kanji for talking about time.
  • Kanji 「年」 – meanings, readings and examples (JLPT N5)

    What you will learn on this page

    • The basic meaning and nuance of the kanji 「年」
    • JLPT level and stroke count
    • Main readings: とし (toshi), ねん (nen)
    • Common words like 今年, 来年, 去年, 一年
    • Easy example sentences with English translations
    • Typical mistakes learners make with 「年」

    1. Basic info

    • Kanji:
    • Meaning (simple): year
    • JLPT level: N5
    • Stroke count: 6
    • On-yomi (Chinese-derived reading): ネン (nen)
    • Kun-yomi (native Japanese reading): とし (toshi)

    2. Easy explanation (for beginners)

    The kanji 「年」 mainly means “year”.
    It is used for:

    • one year of time
    • this year, next year, last year
    • school grades and some “year-based” expressions

    You see it in very common words like 今年 (this year), 来年 (next year) and 去年 (last year).


    3. Readings and usage

    3-1. Kun-yomi: とし (toshi)

    Used when talking about a year in general or sometimes age in everyday speech.

    Example sentences:

    • Japanese: 今年はいい年でした。
    • Reading (Kana): ことしは いい とし でした。
    • English: This year was a good year.

    Here, 年 is read とし and means “year”.

    3-2. On-yomi: ネン (nen)

    Used in compounds about years, grades and periods of time.

    Example words:

    • 一年【いちねん】 – one year
    • 三年生【さんねんせい】 – third-year student
    • 三年間【さんねんかん】 – for three years

    Example sentences:

    • Japanese: 日本に来て一年になります。
    • Reading (Kana): にほんに きて いちねん に なります。
    • English: It has been one year since I came to Japan.
    • Japanese: 来年、日本語能力試験を受けます。
    • Reading (Kana): らいねん、にほんご のうりょく しけんを うけます。
    • English: I will take the Japanese Language Proficiency Test next year.

    4. Example vocabulary list

    Kanji wordReadingMeaning (English)
    としyear; age
    今年ことしthis year
    来年らいねんnext year
    去年きょねんlast year
    一年いちねんone year (period)

    5. Example sentences

    Sentence 1

    • Japanese: 今年はとても忙しい年です。
    • Reading (Kana): ことしは とても いそがしい とし です。
    • English: This year is very busy for me.

    Sentence 2

    • Japanese: 来年、日本語能力試験を受けます。
    • Reading (Kana): らいねん、にほんご のうりょく しけんを うけます。
    • English: I will take the Japanese Language Proficiency Test next year.

    Sentence 3

    • Japanese: 日本に来て一年になります。
    • Reading (Kana): にほんに きて いちねん に なります。
    • English: It has been one year since I came to Japan.

    6. Common mistakes & tips

    Common mistakes

    • Reading every word with 年 as only ねん, even when とし is more natural.
    • Confusing 年 with 日 or 月 when reading dates.
    • Not seeing the difference between 今年 / 来年 / 去年.

    Study tips

    • Remember this simple pattern:
    • 今年(ことし) – this year
    • 来年(らいねん) – next year
    • 去年(きょねん) – last year
    • Practice by talking about your own life:
    • How many years have you studied Japanese?
    • When did you come to Japan?

    7. Related kanji

    • – “day”. Combine 日 and 年 to talk about dates and ages.
    • – “month”. 日 + 月 + 年 are the core kanji for talking about time.
    • – “time, hour”. Used together with 年 to describe events in your life.
  • Kanji 「人」 – meanings, readings and examples (JLPT N5)

    What you will learn on this page

    • The basic meaning and nuance of the kanji 「人」
    • JLPT level and stroke count
    • Main readings: ひと (hito), じん (jin), にん (nin)
    • Common words like 日本人, ベトナム人, 一人, 二人
    • Easy example sentences with English translations
    • Typical mistakes learners make with 「人」

    1. Basic info

    • Kanji:
    • Meaning (simple): person, people
    • JLPT level: N5
    • Stroke count: 2
    • On-yomi (Chinese-derived readings): ジン (jin), ニン (nin)
    • Kun-yomi (native Japanese reading): ひと (hito)

    2. Easy explanation (for beginners)

    The kanji 「人」 means a person or people.
    You can imagine the shape of a standing person seen from the side.

    You will see this kanji in many everyday words:

    • 日本人 (Japanese person)
    • ベトナム人 (Vietnamese person)
    • 一人 / 二人 (one person / two people)

    It is one of the most basic and important kanji for self-introductions.


    3. Readings and usage

    3-1. Kun-yomi: ひと (hito)

    Used when talking about a person in a more general or everyday way.

    Example words:

    • 人【ひと】 – person, people
    • いい人【いいひと】 – a nice person

    Example sentence:

    • Japanese: あの人はやさしい人です。
    • Reading (Kana): あの ひとは やさしい ひと です。
    • English: That person is kind.

    3-2. On-yomi: ジン (jin) – nationality, groups

    Used in words about nationality, groups or roles.

    Example words:

    • 日本人【にほんじん】 – Japanese person
    • ベトナム人【ベトナムじん】 – Vietnamese person

    Example sentence:

    • Japanese: クラスにはベトナム人が二人います。
    • Reading (Kana): クラスには ベトナムじんが ふたり います。
    • English: There are two Vietnamese people in the class.

    3-3. On-yomi: ニン (nin) – number of people

    Used when counting people or talking about people as a number.

    Example words:

    • 一人【ひとり】 – one person
    • 二人【ふたり】 – two people
    • 三人【さんにん】 – three people
    • 何人【なんにん】 – how many people

    Example sentence:

    • Japanese: 今日は三人が来ました。
    • Reading (Kana): きょうは さんにんが きました。
    • English: Three people came today.

    4. Example vocabulary list

    Kanji wordReadingMeaning (English)
    ひとperson, people
    日本人にほんじんJapanese person
    ベトナム人ベトナムじんVietnamese person
    一人ひとりone person; alone
    二人ふたりtwo people

    5. Example sentences

    Sentence 1

    • Japanese: あの人は日本人です。
    • Reading (Kana): あの ひとは にほんじん です。
    • English: That person is Japanese.

    Sentence 2

    • Japanese: クラスには二人のベトナム人がいます。
    • Reading (Kana): クラスには ベトナムじんが ふたり います。
    • English: There are two Vietnamese people in the class.

    Sentence 3

    • Japanese: 今日はたくさんの人が来ました。
    • Reading (Kana): きょうは たくさんの ひとが きました。
    • English: Many people came today.

    6. Common mistakes & tips

    Common mistakes

    • Using only one reading (for example, always じん) for all words with 「人」.
    • Mixing up じん and にん in words like 日本人 / 三人.
    • Forgetting the special readings 一人(ひとり) and 二人(ふたり).

    Study tips

    • Remember this simple pattern:
    • person / people → ひと
    • nationality / group → じん
    • number of people → にん
    • Practice by talking about your class or family:
    • “クラスには なんにん いますか。” (How many people are in your class?)

    7. Related kanji

    • – “name”, used in 名前 (name).
    • – “friend”, used in 友だち (friend).
    • – “before, ahead”, used in 先生 (teacher).
    • – “life, to live”, used in 学生 (student).